Association between metabolic syndrome and Chinese healthy eating index in a community population of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective:To study the association between metabolic syndrome （MS） and Chinese healthy eating index （CHEI）， and to identify the beneficial or adverse effects of diets on MS in a community population of Shanghai. Methods:Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria， the data of 4 856 subjects from a community in Shanghai was collected by interview. Total CHEI score and its component score were calculated based on the frequency of food consumption. Physical examination and blood biochemical tests were used to diagnose MS. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between MS or relative indexes and the total CHEI score or its component score. Results:The study showed the overall prevalence of MS was 24.71%. There were significant differences between MS group and controls （P<0.05） in age， BMI， waist circumference， fasting blood glucose， triglycerides， total cholesterol， systolic blood pressure， diastolic blood pressure， glycated hemoglobin， high-density lipoprotein and energy intake. After adjusting for potential confounders， it showed that the higher total CHEI score， the lower risk of central obesity， increased diastolic blood pressure， increased glycated hemoglobin， hyperglycemic and MS （P<0.05）. The increase in component score of potatoes， milk， beans， dark vegetables， fruits， oil and sodium reduced risk of obesity， hypertension， hyperglycemia， dyslipidemia and MS （P<0.05）. Conclusion:The quality of healthy diet （CHEI score more than 80） and increased intake of specific dietary components （potatoes， milk， beans， dark vegetables， fruits） reduce the risk of MS effectively.

Effects of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate exposure on liver and glycolipid metabolism in male diabetic rats / 上海预防医学

Objective:Phthalates （PAEs） are common environmental endocrine disruptors. In this study， the effects of oxidative stress on liver and nutrient metabolism were determined in male diabetic rats exposed to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP）， and the mechanism of DEHP toxicity was explored. Methods:Thirty-two SPF male Wistar rats aged five weeks， weighing 150-170 g， were fed adaptively for one week to establish the model of type 2 diabetes. The model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ） （25 mg/kg） after feeding with high sugar and high fat diet for four weeks. Second STZ injection was given two days later. The model was considered to be established successfully when the random blood glucose level was found to be higher than 16.7 mmol/L in two separate tests. Twenty diabetic rats were then randomly divided into four groups， including control group （corn oil）， 100， 300 and 900 mg/kg DEHP groups. The rats were treated with DEHP by gavage （5 mL/kg） once a day for 30 days. They were fed with normal diet during the treatment period. Caudal venous blood was collected on the 1st， 14th， and 28th days to measure the random blood glucose level. The changes of glucose tolerance were determined by oral glucose tolerance test on the 29th day. Fasting blood glucose （FPG） was measured on the next day of the last exposure. After the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital and killed， the liver was weighed， the liver coefficient was calculated and the liver pathological section was made. Blood was taken from the abdominal aorta. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， triacylglycerol （TG） and albumin （ALB） in serum were measured by spectrophotometry， and the levels of insulin， glutathione （GSH）， H2O2， malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in fasting serum were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results:There was no significant difference in body weight and random blood glucose in the type 2 diabetic rats exposed to different concentrations of DEHP （all P>0.05）. At each time point of the glucose tolerance curve， the blood glucose value of the exposure groups was higher than that of the control group. A "false plateau period" appeared after the blood glucose value reached or exceeded the upper limit at 15 minutes， and the blood glucose level in each group was higher than that of the control group at 120 minutes. The liver organ coefficient of 300 and 900 mg/kg DEHP groups was higher than that of the control group （both P<0.01）， and the liver organ coefficient was positively correlated with the exposure concentration of DEHP （r=0.80，P<0.000 1）. Under the microscope， the liver cells in diabetic rats were swollen， the cytoplasm was light stained， and there were vacuoles in the cells. The serum ALP level in diabetic rats of 900 mg/kg DEHP group was significantly higher than that in the control group （P<0.01）. The serum ALP level was positively correlated with the concentration of DEHP （r=0.75， P<0.01）. The serum MDA level in diabetic rats of 300 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg DEHP groups was significantly higher than that of the control group （both P<0.01）， and the serum MDA level was positively correlated with the concentration of DEHP （r=0.84， P<0.000 1）. The serum SOD level of 900 mg/kg DEHP group was significantly higher than that of control group （P<0.01）. Conclusion:DEHP exposure could lead to liver damage， abnormal glycolipid metabolism， and increase the level of oxidative stress and antioxidant level in male diabetic rats， but did not show a significant effect on insulin resistance.

Risk management of imported cold-chain foods during the COVID-19 pandemic / 上海预防医学

Since July 2020， nucleic acids of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 were frequently detected in cold chain food imported to China， making imported food being a potential risk to the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2， imported cold-chain food and their packaging may become the carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in long-distance cross-border transportation. In each aspect of stakeholders including governmental supervision， manufacturers and consumers， China should strengthen the risk management of imported cold-chain food to ensure the safety， especially pay attention to the health protection of industry workers in close contact with cold -chain food.

Dialectical behavior therapy-based psychological intervention for woman in late pregnancy and early postpartum suffering from COVID-19: a case report / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

At the end of 2019, a new form of pneumonia disease known as the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly spread throughout most provinces of China, and the total global number of COVID-19 cases has surpassed 500 000 by Mar. 27, 2020 (WHO, 2020). On Jan. 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global health emergency (WHO, 2020). COVID-19 causes most damage to the respiratory system, leading to pneumonia or breathing difficulties. The confirmed case fatality risk (cCFR) was estimated to be 5% to 8% (Jung et al., 2020). Besides physical pain, COVID-19 also induces psychological distress, with depression, anxiety, and stress affecting the general population, quarantined population, medical staff, and patients at different levels (Kang et al., 2020; Xiang et al., 2020). Previous research on patients in isolation wards highlighted the risk of depressed mood, fear, loneliness, frustration, excessive worries, and insomnia (Abad et al., 2010).

Efficacy of internet-based integrated intervention on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with COVID-19 / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Public health crises, such as the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since Dec. 2019, are widely acknowledged as severe traumatic events that impose threats not only because of physical concerns but also because of the psychological distress of infected patients. We designed an internet-based integrated intervention and evaluated its efficacy on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.

Optimization of Extraction Technology for Yangxin Anshen Granules with Orthogonal Test / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To optimize the extraction technology for Yangxin Anshen Granules. Methods With yield of volatile oil as index, single factor tests were adopted to investigate effects of water, soaking time and distillation time on extraction technology of volatile oil. Using water amount, extraction time and extraction times as factors, the contents of paeoniflorin and total solid as indexes, orthogonal test was employed to optimize the extraction technology of Yangxin Anshen Granules. Results The optimical extraction technology conditions were as follows:Cinnamomi Ramulus, Saposhkoviae Radix, and Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus were extracted to get volatile oil with eight-folds amount water of herbs for 6 hours; other herbs were boiled with eight-folds amount water of herbs and extrancted for two times, 1 h each time. Conclusion This extraction process is reasonable and practical, and can well guarantee the quality of preparation.

Development of new-type landmine sweeping protective outfit / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To optimize GGF110 landmine sweeping protective outfit to improve its wearing comfort and environmental adaptability.Methods With considerations on protection performances the outfit was improved from its size, structure,humanization design and manufacturing technique,which was composed of helmet and mask,protective clothing, mine boots and protective gloves. The protective clothing was made up of an upper piece, a vest, a jockstrap and a lower piece.Results The mine boots with the existed protection performances was optimized in increased walking stability while decreased possibilities to trigger GLD111 antipersonnel mine; the protective clothing was improved in comfort and convenience with the protection performance kept the same;the helmet and mask had the problems of giddiness or dizziness due to light reflecting as well as forward head gravity center resulting from unbalanced weight;the protective gloves met the tactical and technical requirements and ensured the flexibility when mine detection and sweeping were carried out. Conclusion The outfit with high protecting performances is enhanced in comfort, safety and adaptability, and thus can be used for mine sweeping by military forces.

Food safety incidents reported by streamline media in 2013 in China / 上海预防医学

Objective To provide reference to food safety supervision and management by analyzing the characteristics and trends of food safety incidents reported by media in 2013 in china.Methods Data were collected and collated from food safety incidents reported by printed media,major web portals,news websites and public opinion reports of the government during 2013.1.1 and 2013.12.31 with their occurrence characteristics and trends studied.Results Food safety incidents reported by media added up to 740 cases during 2013.1.1 and 2013.12.31 in China,of which the most reported was in Guangdong province,with 130accounting for 17.6% of the total,next followed by Shandong,Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces.The number of incidents reported by months did not show an obvious trend,yet incidents occurred more frequently in September and October.As for related food types,164 incidents (22.2% of the total) related to poultry meat and meat products;snacks were involved in 53 incidents,accounting for 7.2% of the total.Nearly 2/3 of the incidents resulted from problems of production and processing links,among which 13.9% were from the production of primary agricultural products,10.2% and 8% from sales &circulation,and catering consumption respectively.About 40% of the food safety issues reported by media were related to circulation.As for nature of the incidents,pathogenic micro organisms,pesticides or veterinary drug residues and excessive contents of heavy metals was 22%,followed by processing with non-food raw materials or adding non-food chemicals.31.8% of hazards or potential hazards in reported food safety incidents during 2013 were food additives and illegal additives.Conclusion Food safety incidents involving meat,meat products and snacks had a relatively higher occurrence.Food production,processing and circulation became high risk links in food safety issues.Pathogenic micro organisms,pesticides or veterinary drug residues,excessive contents of heavy metals and violation of food additives management were relatively serious problems.Chemical hazard was one of the major hazards in food safety issues.

Vibro parahemolyticus contamination surveillance and virulence genes analysis on commercial marine products during 2008-2013 in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate and characterize the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(V.parahaemolyticus) in commercial seafoods on Shanghai markets.Methods Based on the method of GB/T 4789.7-2008 from "Microbiological Examination of Food Hygiene: Examination of V.parahaemolyticus",the contamination of V.parahaemolyticus in seafoods from different predetermined monitoring sites in Shanghai was quantitatively determined and the occurrence of virulence genesthermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh),in 192 seafoods separated V.parahaemolyticus strains were detected by PCR.Results A total of 2 643 seafood samples from wholesale markets,retail markets,supermarkets,catering industries and online shopping were collected from January to December in the years of 2008 to 2013.V.parahaemolyticus was found in 192 samples (7.3%).Among 192 separated strains,2.6%(5/192) that carried tdh or trh.2.1%(4/192)were positive for tdh,and 0.5% (1/192) were positive for trh.The geometric mean densities of V.parahaemolyticus were different significantly in varied seafood species,sampling months,as well as locations(P<0.05).Especially,geometric mean densities of V.parahaemolyticus in June to October were significantly higher than those in other months(P<0.05).The detection rate (8.4%) and geometric mean densities(0.209 MPN/g) of V.parahaemolyticus in fishes were significantly higher than those in other seafood(P<0.05).The geometric mean densities of V.parahaemolyticus in seafoods from wholesale markets,retail markets,supermarkets were higher than those from other sampling resources (P<0.05).Conclusion The contamination of V.parahaemolyticus in seafoods during summer and fall was relatively higher from Shanghai markets.Some separated V.parahaemolyticus strains carry virulence genes tdh and trh.Thus the contamination of V.parahaemolyticus in seafood needs to be intensively monitored and environmental impact factor should be searched for implementing risk assessment and management on high risk points for V.parahaemolyticus contamination.

Association between Phthalate Exposure and the Use of Plastic Containers in Shanghai Adults / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Consuming phthalates may be due to the presence of food contact materials, such as plastic containers. In this study, we investigated the association between plastic container use and phthalate exposure in 2,140 Shanghai adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Participants completed a questionnaire on the frequency of using plastic containers in different scenarios in the previous year (e.g., daily, weekly) and on the consumption of plastic-packaged foods in the previous three days (yes or no). Urinary phthalate metabolites were used to assess the association between phthalate exposure and the use of plastic containers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the most frequently detected in urine. The results revealed that phthalate exposure was associated with consumption of plastic-packaged breakfast or processed food items in the previous three days. The consumption of these two food items had strong synergistic effects on increasing urinary concentrations of most phthalate metabolites.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results of plastic-packaged breakfast and processed food may be explained by the use of flexible plastic containers, indicating the importance of risk assessment for the application of flexible plastic containers.</p>

Impact of intrauterine Dibutyl phthalate exposure to rat offsprings on reproductive and developmental toxicity / 上海预防医学

Objective ] To observe the effects of intrauterine DBP exposure on the reproductive system of both mother rats and mature F 1 generation rats . [ Methods ] The pregnant rats were administered DBP in various doses (20 mg/kg,100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) by gavage.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) was applied to detect the hormone levels in serum , including estrogen two alcohol ( E2 ) , luteinizing hormone ( LH ) , follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH ) and testosterone ( T ) . [ Results] The results showed that the experimental doses of DBP exerted significant effect on serum hormone levels but no significant effects on various organs of mother rats .Compared with the control group , serum T levels in the groups treated with 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were significantly decreased (P<0.05),while FSH level increased in 500 mg/kg dose group (P<0.05);with the increase of DBP exposure doses, the weight of mother rats during gestational period decreased significantly (P<0.05).For the F1 female rats, on PND7, the serum LH and T levels decreased with DBP exposure doses increased (P<0.05);on PND26, the E2 levels of the female pups decreased significantly (P<0.05),the FSH levels of rats in dosed group (100 and 500 mg/kg) were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05),and T level in 500 mg/kg DBP dosed group increased (P<0.05) obviously. [Conclusion] Intrauterine DBP exposure exerts significant toxic effect on the reproductive system of F 1 rats; even low dose of DBP can lead to changes in the serum hormone levels , which can be illustrated by the various metabolic profiles.

Phthalates in Commercial Chinese Rice Wines: Concentrations and the Cumulative Risk Assessment to Adult Males in Shanghai / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The concentrations of 16 phthalates in 164 commercial Chinese rice wines (CRW) were detected by GC-MS, and consumption data on CRW in different packaging types was investigated from 634 adult males in Shanghai using a food frequency questionnaire. Based on the principles of probabilistic modelling and cumulative risk assessment, the exposure and health risk of phthalates from CRW to adult males in Shanghai was evaluated. DMP, DEP, DIBP, DnBP, BBP, and DEHP were detected in the samples, the range of detection frequency of individual phthalates varied from 6.10% for BBP to 15.24% for DIBP, and the detected concentrations were 51.06-200.34 ng/mL. All the respondents consumed CRW, 90.69% of them consumed CRW 0.01-49.9 mL/d, the minimum value of the average daily intake of CRW was 6.25 mL/d, the median was 13.72 mL/d and the maximum was 300 mL/d. The median exposure level of the 6 detected Phthalates to adult males in Shanghai were 6.58-7.10 ng/(d•kg), and the maximum exposure level were 137.38-540.47 ng/(d•kg). The cumulative exposure health risk index (HI) based on the median and maximum exposure level of the 6 Phthalates (DMP, DEP, DIBP, DnBP, BBP, and DEHP) were 0.001147 and 0.063396, both were far less than 1. In conclusion, CRW were generally consumed by the adult males in Shanghai, although multiple phthalates were detected in commercial CRW, health risk of such exposure levels from commercial CRW to the target adult males in Shanghai was very low.

Proliferative and apoptotic effects of andrographolide on the BGC-823 human gastric cancer cell line / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Andrographolide has been shown to have anticancer activity on diverse cancer cell lines representing different types of human cancers. The aim of this research was to investigate the anticancer and apoptotic effects of andrographolide on the BGC-823 human gastric cancer cell line.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cell proliferation and IC50 were evaluated using MTT assay, cell-cycle analysis with flow cytometry apoptotic effects with Annexin-V/propidium iodide double-staining assay, and morphologic structure with transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcription PCR was used to analyze Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 expressions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Andrographolide showed a time- and concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on BGC-823 cell growth. Compared to controls, the number of cells in the G0-G1-phase increased significantly, S and G2-M-phase cells decreased after 48 hours of treatment with andrographolide, and both early and late apoptotic rates increased significantly compared to the controls, all in a concentration-dependent manner. Bax and caspase-3 expressions were markedly increased, and Bcl-2 expression was decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Andrographolide inhibits BGC-823 cell growth and induces BGC-823 cell apoptosis by up-regulating Bax and caspase-3 expressions and down-regulating Bcl-2 expression. Andrographolide may be useful as a potent and selective agent in the treatment of human gastric cancers.</p>

Anti-tumor effects of triptolide on osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo: an experimental research / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe in vitro and in vivo effects of triptolide on growth inhibition and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells, and to further explore its correlated molecular mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The growth inhibition effects of triptolide on osteosarcoma cells were detected using MTT assay. The apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry.The protein expressions of associated signals were detected using Western blot. The in vivo anti-osteosarcoma effects of triptolide were verified in osteosarcoma nude mice. The in vivo associated protein expressions were detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Triptolide could significantly inhibit the proliferation of various osteosarcoma cells. Besides, it could induce their apoptosis. Triptolide triggered the mitochondrial dependent apoptotic pathway, significantly inhibited the in vivo growth of osteosarcoma cells, and caused in vivo apoptosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Triptolide induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells partially through activating mitochondria associated apoptosis signal pathway. Triptolide also induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells and inhibited their in vivo growth in nude mice.</p>

Effect of andrographolide on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of andrographolide (AD) on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of human gastric cells line BGC-823.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTT assay, flow cytometry and Annexin-V/PI double-staining flow cytometry assay were used to evaluate the effect of AD on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of BGC-823 cells respectively. Optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the cell morphological changes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A time- and concentration-dependent proliferative inhibition effect of AD was demonstrated in BGC-823 cells. AD concentration lower than 7.5 mg/L possessed weak inhibitory effect,while concentration between 15.0-60.0 mg/L possessed higher inhibitory effect. The concentration higher than 60.0 mg/L had no significant increase of inhibitory effect. IC50 of AD at 24, 48 and 72 h was (35.3±4.3), (25.5±3.5) and (18.2±2.7) mg/L respectively. Compared with the negative control group, the number of G0/G1 phase cells increased significantly (P<0.05), while the number of S and G2/M phase cells decreased after incubation with AD for 48 h, and the alteration was in a concentration-dependent manner. AD arrested BGC-823 cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. After incubation with 7.5, 10.0 and 15.0 mg/L AD for 24 h, the early apoptotic rates of BGC-823 cells were (19.3±4.7)%, (29.4±4.1)% and (52.7±6.7)% respectively, and the late apoptotic rates were (10.8±1.8)%, (10.9±4.7)% and (14.7±4.8)% respectively. Both the early apoptotic rates and the late apoptotic rates increased significantly compared to the control group (all P<0.05),and the alteration was in a concentration-dependent manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Andrographolide can inhibit BGC-823 cells proliferation, arrest BGC-823 cells in G0/G1 phase and induce apoptosis, and may be a potential traditional Chinese medicine with anti-cancer effect.</p>

Glucometabolic abnormalities survey among outpatients without previous diabetes diagnosis and with coronary artery disease and hypertension / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the status of glucometabolic abnormalities in cardiological outpatients without previous diabetes diagnosis and with coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients without previous diagnosis of diabetes but with hypertension and CAD aged 18 years or above were recruited from cardiology departments of 11 general hospitals in China. Demographic data, disease diagnosis and medical history were collected. Physical examination and questionnaire survey were performed after the random blood glucose test. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) examination was made for patients with fasting blood glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L or postprandial random glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L. Adjusted prevalence rates were used in the study.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 7778 patients were included in 11 centers. After preliminary screening by fasting blood glucose and random blood glucose tests, 3861 patients were required to take OGTT, and 3019 (78.2%) patients actually took the test. 1287 out of 3019 patients screened with OGTT were diagnosed with diabetes, and the adjusted diabetes prevalence rate was 18.64% (1287/6904). The prevalence rate of diabetes was 19.87% (95/478), 9.22% (352/3819) and 14.81% (153/1033) in patients with CAD, hypertension, and CAD combined with hypertension, respectively. A total of 996 patients were diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and its prevalence was 14.43% (996/6904). Of the enrolled population, 153 patients with random blood glucose lower than 7.8 mmol/L were also screened with OGTT test, 26.14% (40/153) patients met the diagnostic criteria of diabetes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A high prevalence of diabetes is found in patients without previous diagnosis of diabetes and with hypertension and CAD consulting at cardiology departments. We thus suggest to perform OGTT in this patient cohort to improve the early diagnosis of IGT and diabetes, and prevent missed detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus or IGT in cardiovascular patients with normal fasting blood glucose. Our results indicate that it was feasible to use OGTT as a screening tool for detecting diabetes in these patients and the patient compliance is satisfactory.</p>

Modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene excretions / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) excretions in workers under different exposure levels.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four hundred and forty-seven occupationally exposed workers from two coking plants and 220 control workers from a wire rod plant were genotyped to analyze the modification of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms on urinary 1-OHP excretions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The urinary 1-OHP concentration in exposed group was much higher than that in control group (4.61 vs 0.34 µmol/mol Cr, P < 0.05). Occupational exposure levels and cigarette smoking were of the dominating factors affecting 1-OHP excretions in urine. After controlling potential confounders, decreased excretion of urinary 1-OHP was associated with GSTP1 I105V AG + GG genotype in coke oven workers (single-gene model, P = 0.012; multi-gene model, P = 0.011) and with GSTT1 null type in the analysis including all subjects (P = 0.055 in both single-gene and multi-gene models). GSTT1 and GSTP1 were interacted on the urinary concentrations of 1-OHP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Urinary 1-OHP concentrations can be modified by GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms, indicating that these genes are involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.</p>

Radical pancreatoduodenectomy combined with retroperitoneal nerve, lymph, and soft-tissue dissection in pancreatic head cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Recent studies have revealed that the reason for the low surgical resection rate of pancreatic carcinoma partly lies in its biological behavior, which is characterized by neural infiltration. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of radical pancreatoduodenectomy combined with retroperitoneal nerve, lymph, and soft-tissue dissection for carcinoma of the pancreatic head.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-six patients with pancreatic head cancer were treated in our hospital from 1995 to 2005. The patients were divided into two groups: radical pancreatoduodenectomy combined with retroperitoneal nerve, lymph and soft-tissue dissection (group A, n = 25) and routine Whipple's operation (group B, n = 21). There were no significant differences between the two groups in relation to age, gender and preoperative risk factors, and perioperative conditions, pathological data and survival rates were studied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences in tumor size, surgical procedure time, postoperative complications, and time of hospitalization. However, the number and positive rate of resected lymph nodes in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (P < 0.05). The 1- and 3-year survival rate in group A were 80% and 53%, respectively, which was higher than those in group B (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the survival rates between patients with and without nerve infiltration in group A (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Radical pancreatoduodenectomy combined with retroperitoneal nerve, lymph and soft-tissue dissection, can effectively remove the lymph and nerve tissues that were infiltrated by tumor. Meanwhile, this method can reduce the local recurrence rate so as to improve the long-term survival of patients.</p>

Effects of diethylhexyl phthalate on lipid peroxidation and the life-span in Drosophila melanogaster / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of diethlhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on lipid peroxidation and the life span in Drosophila melanogaster.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fed Drosophila with the concentration 0.20% DEHP of exposure after 0, 14, 28 days, the activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), CuZn-SOD and the concentration of malondialdehyde were determined. At the same time, the longevity test was carried out to examine the effect of DEHP on the Drosophila's lifespan.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The lifespan of Drosophila was shortened in a dose of DEHP exposed groups. The indexes of mean life span (MLS), 50% lethal time and mean maximum life span in three DEHP-treated groups (concentration of 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.20%) were lower than those of the controlled group respectively (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The MLS of both Drosophila sexes were reduced from the control of 64 days and 59 days to the test 60 days-52 days and 54 days-49 days respectively. DEHP decreased the activity of SOD (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and lead to a time-dependent relation and an increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the DEHP-exposed Drosophila groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DEHP might promote the process of lipid peroxidation and shorten the life span in Drosophila melanogaster. It should be one of the reasons in the senescence of Drosophila.</p>

Observation on the craniocerebral injury of sheep by high explosive shell / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To observe the characteristics and rules of craniocerebral injury resulting from a high explosive shell to provide the bases for treating explosive injury. Methods　A total of 36 sheep were distributed at the distance 6 to 48 m away from the explosive center and the shell was exploded electrically at 7 m above the earth. At the same time, the velocity of fragments and shock wave pressure were determined. Gross and pathological observations were performed after injury. Results　Among all sheep with fragment injury, craniocerebral injury was 32%. Their immediate death rate was 75% and all died 6 h later. The incidence rates of penetrating wound and blind wound were 75% and 25% respectively. Pollution of wound track was heavy. The percentage of head lost was 50% in sheep and 50% of injured animal suffered from comminuted fracture of skull base. Bleeding was found extensively on the surface of the cerebrum, even medulla oblongata was involved. Hemorrhage, edema, rupture of small blood vessels and degeneration of neuron were found at the regions 4 cm away from the wound tract with light microscopy. Combined blast injury was found and occurred most often in the abdomen and limbs, both accounting for 62.5%, and combined thoracic injury was the third, up to 50%. All the animals of craniocerebral injury combined with lung blast injury. Conclusion　High explosive shells destroy cranium badly and extensively. Many skulls are lost and the cranial base is readily fractured. The wound track is heavily polluted. Combined injury is more often occurred.